WHAT IS THE REASON FOR RESON FOR
TOMATO FRUIT BLACKENING AND CABBAGE HAVING A NORMAL APPEARANCE BUT BLACK HEART WHEN CUT OPEN?





When farmers grow crops, they often pay too much attention to the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers, while the importance of calcium fertilizers is often overlooked, therefore, it is easy to cause conditions such as fruit blossom-end rot and internal black heart of vegetables. Calcium is an essential micronutrient in plants and its main physiological functions include participating in cell division, regulating enzyme activity, regulating ion permeability of cell membrane, and stabilizing cell wall structure. It is a important element that affects crop yield and quality.

 

【Physiological role of calcium】

- Participate in cell division: Calcium is required for normal process of cell division, and calcium deficiency will lead to the death of growth points.

- Maintain cell membrane permeability and integrity: The cell membrane maintains its structural and functional integrity through the high concentration of calcium on the outer membrane, phospholipids and protein links, delaying fruit aging.

- Cell wall composition: It is present in cell wall as calcium pectate, maintaining the structure and function of the cell wall. Strong cell wall will provide structural support, protect the cell from external stresses, enhance the disease resistance and make the crops more resistant to collisions during transportation.

- Regulating enzyme activity: Calcium ions can act as a secondary messenger to regulate enzyme activity through calmodulin (CaM). Currently, it is believed that CaM is closely related to cell division and differentiation, cytoskeleton and cell movement, photosynthesis spores, seeds and pollen, response to hormones, nuclear enzyme system and gene expression.

- Signal transduction molecule in plant growth processes: Calcium ion acts as a secondary messengers in the adversity response, cooperating with calcium-binding protein such as calmodulin (CaM) or Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) recognizes adversity information and binds with Ca2+, changes the expression of cells and genes through a series of information transmission, and finally achieves the adaptability to adversity (Such as salt damage, cold damage, or drought).


【What causes of calcium (Ca) deficiency】

(1) Acidic soils or high level of potassium and magnesium in the soil: The availability of calcium in acidic soils (below pH 5.5) is poor, potassium and magnesium can interfere with calcium uptake by plants.

(2) In a high temperature environment: Excessive drought or high salt concentration in the soil can cause poor development of plant roots, reducing the absorption and transportation of calcium. Other factors such as poor ventilation in the cultivation environment, and insufficient plant evapotranspiration due to high relative air humidity will affect calcium absorption.

(3) Excessive fertilizer or high nitrogen fertilizer: Excessive use of potassium, magnesium and ammonium nitrogen will have an antagonistic effect on calcium absorption and reduce the calcium absorption rate.

 

【Symptoms of Calcium Deficiency in Vegetables and Fruits】

Calcium transport in plants is very slow, mainly uptake by the roots. Once inside the roots, calcium ions are transported through evapotranspiration to other parts of the plant. While calcium is deficient, the first signs of calcium deficiency are the death of the growth points of the roots and leaves, the shrinking of new leaves, and fruit lesions.

The following are the main symptoms of calcium deficiency in fruits or vegetables:

(1) Blossom-end rot in tomatoes and peppers

(2) Tipburn in cabbage varieties

(3) Blackheart disease in celery

(4) Blossom-end rot in melons

(5) Black heart in radishes.

 

【Prevention for Calcium Deficiency】

(1) Apply organic fertilizers or calcium basal fertilizers.

(2) Maintain appropriate soil moisture.

(3) Apply fertilizers rationally.

(4) Use foliar fertilizers for supplementation.

 

【It is recommended to use foliar fertilizers】

Ca Strong 801(Special for Summer and Water Retention):

Ca Strong 801 is designed for the calcium deficiency crops caused by high temperature or drought. It contains a special formula can significantly improve the tolerance to the environment and with good water retention and drought resistance. Ca Strong 801 is weak acidic liquid fertilizer which help to improve the problem that fertilizer is not easy to be absorbed in hot weather. It is the preferred product for fertilization during summer.

Product Effect:

1. Adequate silicon and sugar alcohols enhance crop water retention.

2. High potassium, high calcium, and abscisic acid help regulate plant stomata to reduce water loss and adapt to drought environments.

3. Phosphorus, zinc, and Vitamin B complex promote the growth of new roots and continuously activate aging root systems.

4. Magnesium, boron, and molybdenum promote nutrient absorption and help flower buds continue to differentiate.

5. Adequate nucleotides can effectively delay plant aging.

6. Adequate betaine regulates cell walls to prevent dehydration.

7. Glucose regulates cell permeability, making crops less susceptible to water loss and more likely to survive.

8. Weak acid fertilizers help plants absorb nutrients smoothly in the summer (neutral or weak alkaline fertilizers are not absorbed by plants in the summer).

 

Referrence:

(1) 蔬菜作物缺鈣症狀及防治措施

https://kmweb.coa.gov.tw/knowledgebase.php?func=0......

(2) 幫你的植物築起抗病城牆!鈣肥讓作物更壯、收成好,專家教你如何「正確補鈣」

https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/154718/